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An Abundant LifeStyle - Your Guide to Health and Nutrition
Resveratrol

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Red wine and resveratrol: Good for your heart?
Red wine, in moderation, has long been thought of as heart healthy. The alcohol and certain substances
in red wine called antioxidants may help prevent heart disease by increasing levels of "good" cholesterol
and protecting against artery damage.

While the news about red wine might sound great if you enjoy a glass of red wine with your evening meal,
doctors are wary of encouraging anyone to start drinking alcohol. That's because too much alcohol can
have many harmful effects on your body.

Doctors agree that something in red wine appears to help your heart, though it's unclear just exactly what
that "something" is. Researchers think antioxidants, such as flavonoids or a substance called resveratrol,
have promising heart-healthy benefits.

How is red wine heart healthy?
Research studies on the heart-health benefits of red wine have reported mixed results. Some studies
show that red wine seems to have even more heart-health benefits than other types of alcohol, while other
studies show that red wine isn't any better than beer, white wine or liquor for heart health. There's still no
clear evidence yet that red wine is superior to other forms of alcohol when it comes to possible heart-
health benefits.

The studies supporting red wine suggest antioxidants in red wine called polyphenols help protect the
lining of blood vessels in your heart. These antioxidants come in two main forms: flavonoids and
nonflavonoids.

Flavonoids. These antioxidants are found in a variety of foods, including oranges, grape juice, apples,
onions, tea and cocoa. Other types of alcohol, such as white wine and beer, contain small amounts, too,
but red wine has higher levels.

Nonflavonoids. These antioxidants found in red wine have recently been of particular interest because they
appear to help prevent arteries from becoming clogged with fatty blockages. However, these studies
mostly involved mice — not humans. Resveratrol is the nonflavonoid that's received the most attention
from researchers.

Resveratrol in red wine
Resveratrol might be a key ingredient in red wine that helps prevent damage to blood vessels, reduces
"bad" cholesterol and prevents blood clots.

Some research shows that
resveratrol could be linked to a reduced risk of inflammation and blood
clotting, both of which can lead to heart disease. More research is needed before it's known whether
resveratrol was the cause for the reduced risk.

Some companies sell supplements containing resveratrol. However, not enough is known about
resveratrol's effects to endorse resveratrol supplements. Research into the potential heart-health benefits
of resveratrol is continuing.

Resveratrol in grapes and other foods
The resveratrol in red wine comes from the skin of grapes used to make wine. Because red wine is
fermented with grape skins longer than is white wine, red wine contains more resveratrol. Simply eating
grapes, or drinking grape juice, has been suggested as one way to get resveratrol without drinking
alcohol. Some studies have suggested that red and purple grape juices have some of the same heart-
healthy benefits of red wine.

Other foods that contain some resveratrol include peanuts, blueberries and cranberries. It's not yet known
how beneficial eating grapes or other foods might be compared with drinking red wine when it comes to
promoting heart health. The amount of resveratrol in food and red wine can vary widely.

Drink in moderation — or not at all
Red wine's potential heart-health benefits look promising. Those who drink moderate amounts of alcohol,
including red wine, seem to have a lower risk of heart disease. However, more research is needed before
we know whether red wine is better for your heart than are other forms of alcohol, such as beer or spirits.

Neither the American Heart Association nor the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute recommend that
you start drinking alcohol just to prevent heart disease. Alcohol can be addictive and is associated with
other health issues.

Drinking too much increases your risk of high blood pressure, high triglycerides, liver damage, obesity,
certain types of cancer, accidents and other problems. In addition, even small amounts of alcohol can
cause cardiomyopathy — weakened heart muscle — causing symptoms of heart failure in some people. If
you have heart failure or a weak heart, you should avoid alcohol completely. If you take aspirin daily, you
should avoid or limit alcohol, depending on your doctor's advice. You also shouldn't drink alcohol if you're
pregnant. If you have questions about the benefits and risks of alcohol, talk to your doctor about specific
recommendations for you.

If you already drink red wine, do so in moderation. Moderate drinking is defined as an average of two
drinks a day for men and one drink a day for women.

A drink is defined as 12 ounces (355 milliliters, or mL) of beer, 5 ounces (148 mL) of wine or 1.5 ounces
(44 mL) of 80-proof distilled spirits.

The limit for men is higher because men generally weigh more and have more of an enzyme that
metabolizes alcohol than women do.


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